History of the Simplest Writing Tools Pencil and Paper

Pencil and paper may not look too impressive today, when we have all kinds of fancy electronic devices that replace them and make the process of writing so much easier. They are so habitual and inconspicuous, so mundane that one hardly ever thinks of them twice. Yet these two seemingly simplistic writing implements have a long history behind them, and at one time both of them were revolutionary, world-changing inventions. Modern pencil descends from the stylus used by the ancient Romans – it was a thin metal stick with a sharpened end – not unlike modern styli used to work with mobile devices. Stylus was used for scratching on papyrus – direct predecessor of modern paper – or wax tablets. Of course, such a method of writing was hardly effective – texts written in this fashion were hard to read and easily erasable. A bit later somebody thought about making styli out of lead – these left more visible traces on papyrus, but had an unfortunate side effect – lead is toxic, and prolonged usage of such styli led to very unpleasant health issues. The history of the pencil in modern sense of the word begins in the middle of 16th century, when a very large deposit of graphite was discovered in Borrowdale, England. It was unusually pure and solid – so much that it could have been easily sawn into sticks. To understand how lucky this discovery was one may note that by this day it remains the only non-negligible deposit of solid graphite to be found. Graphite is brittle, so some sort of encasing was in order – initially graphite sticks were wrapped in sheepskin or string, and only much later somebody found a way to put them into hollowed-out pieces of wood. However, the production of pencils from natural graphite was an arduous and not very efficient task – as a result they weren’t mass produced until 1662, when Germans found a way or reconstituting graphite powder. Since then the pencil survived, almost unchanged, until the present day. The history of paper begins in ancient China during the reign of Han dynasty in the first or second century BC. Other paper-like materials, like papyrus, were in use much earlier, but they were made out of expensive raw materials and required a long and tiresome processing, making them unviable in most cases. Paper, being made out of wood, has enough raw materials for its production virtually anywhere, and efficient large-scale production methods have been invented relatively early, which made it easily available and widespread in the East. It, however, took a while for the paper to get to Europe – the earliest paper document there dates back to the 11th century. Europeans, however, rather quickly developed a mechanized method of paper production by means of water power, thus turning it from a rare commodity to cheap and easily reproducible material. It is fascinating to think that such simple things as paper and pencil have come such a long way before becoming ubiquitous household items – so ubiquitous that we hardly notice them.

Parental Involvement in Childrens Education Why Does It Make a Difference Free Essay Example, 3000 words

Ethical considerations in any research are of critical importance. Therefore, the researchers will seek authorization from the United Kingdom education sector prior to conducting the study. In addition, the researchers will ensure that all the participants give their consent to signifying their voluntary and willing participation in the study. The consent form will highlight the specific details of the study such as the purpose of the study as well as the timelines. The form will also brief all the participants on the different procedures of the study, highlighting their specific role. Most importantly, the researchers will maintain high levels of confidentiality and anonymity. Worth noting is the fact that participants need the assurance of the researchers that they will maintain high levels of anonymity and confidentiality. However, it is rational for the researcher to highlight the limitations of confidentiality before the study. All the participants will have the freedom to with draw from the study at their convenience (Stitt Brooks 2014, p. 81). Since the study will involve a group of students, higher levels of protection of the minor will be needed. We will write a custom essay sample on Parental Involvement in Childrens Education: Why Does It Make a Difference or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Therefore, the researchers will ensure that both the parents and teachers give their consent before the children can be enrolled in the study. LimitationsOne of the potential limitations of this study is the high level of subjectivity. Being a qualitative approach, the researchers rely on understanding the feelings, opinions, and experiences of the participants. Such high levels of subjectivity may introduce a measure of bias in the study. In addition, all the participants in the study will be identified through purposive sampling a factor that may limit the generalizability of the findings. In order to determine the difference made by parental involvement, future research may need to monitor the performance of the students for a longer time. However, in this study, the identified students were only monitored for three months. Future studies may also need to give attention to different aspects of student learning and the potential benefits of parental involvement (Chen Gregory 2009, p. 53).

E learning system Free Essays

E-learning is another form of distance learning where education and training courses are delivered using computer technology. Typically, this means that courses are delivered either via the Internet, or on computer networks (linked computers). With the increased availability of PC’s and Internet access, E-Learning is a web application uses JSP. We will write a custom essay sample on E learning system or any similar topic only for you Order Now The database is Oracle log. This online application enables the ND users to register online, select the subject, read the tutorial and appear for the exam online. A person Is given three attempts to pass a paper. In subjects containing more than one exam, the candidate should take tests in a particular sequence and also he can attempt the next test only if he has completed the previous papers. The correct answers for the questions are displayed after the exam. The date of the registration, date of exam, number of attempts, test results etc. Re stored in the database. 1. 2 Purpose: – Education through the Internet, network and a computer Is E-learning. This helps In network enabled transfer of skills and knowledge. Learning refers to use of electronic applications and processes to learn. This is a web based application which can be hosted in the website of any training institute. The students will be able to register online, read the course material and write online exam. Certificates also will be issued online. The objectives of this project are . To provide distance learning To make It convenient for people who have other commitments Cost reduction Reduced paper work Computer evaluated tests 1. 3 Understanding Of Existing System : Shows educators and trainers how to adapt teaching methods and materials to make use of the Internet. Including a framework showing how to apply Internet technology progressively as skills and confidence grow, the project demonstrates the route from adapting materials to developing a virtual course. Nowadays, when people are not having time to visit an institute. Therefore, the software is designed to provide the education through Internet. The project â€Å"E – LEARNING† helps the common world in any field they are to get the knowledge what they want even sitting at their places. This helps them to spare time In their busy schedule and save their time during transportation. 1. 4 Tools/Environment used. How to cite E learning system, Essays

Communication Plan for the Jojoba Australia in Brazil Free-Samples

Question: Discuss about the Communication Plan for the Jojoba Australia in Brazil. Answer: Introduction Australia is different from Brazil from the cultural point of view. The culture of Brazil, the ethnicity, colour, and pattern of life differ from that of Australia. Unlike Australian women, the women of Brazil, the women of the country take beauty seriously. The Brazilian customers are very open to any new makeup brand launched in the market and they are fond of making a test (Veras Veras, 2011). TheJojoba Company is keenly interested in making an entry in the new market of Brazil. The company finds it that the new market of Brazil will be very prospective as the ability of the women of Brazil spends huge amount of money for the cosmetic products. Thus the communication plan for the Jojoba Company requires being formulated successfully in order to achieve in the new market. The report focuses on the effectiveness of the communication plan and the ability of the company to launch the lucrative business in the country like Brazil. Analysis of the Background Situation Reason of the choosing makeup product The present day business scenario encourages cosmetic industry to launch lucrative products. The demand of the customers for the cosmetic product is very high. The beauty industries focus on more innovative products for every age, colour, sex, texture for every tone. Due to the higher demand for the cosmetic products, the cosmetic companies focus on expanding their products based on the target market, for the generation of the revenue and for the process of manufacturing goods. With the rise of beauty business in the global market the Jojoba company will get a chance to expand its business in the Brazilian market. The company has been very popular in Australia and it is famous for its natural foundation. The products of the company have been appreciated by the customers of Australia. Thus the scope of winning the market of Brazil is high for the company (Bhasan, 2016). Reasons for choosing Brazil for the communication plan of the company The country Brazil is becoming richer now. The taste of the people is also getting richer. The consumption of the beauty products shows their interest to spend their income for the beauty products. The expected expenditure of every Brazilian on the beautiful product is more than $ 200 in a year. They spend the amount for the purchase of the beauty products. The rate of expenditure of the people of Brazil on the cosmetic product is growing more and it may be more that the people of the developed country The USA and the UK. The study shows that new products new brands are very popular inBrazil. The potential market of the country offers an opportunity to expand its business in the Brazilian market (Lyus, Rogers, Sims, 2011). Reason to Expand Now The personal care industry of Brazil has been contributing over 1.8% of the countrys GDP. The industry also contributes 9.4% of the consumption of the world. This statistic shows that the market of the beauty industry is growing in the Brazilian market. The growing market encourages the MNCs to expand their business in the country. Companies like Seophora and St Tropez have been popular in the country. There are also the companies like Procter Gamble and P G invest more in the market of Brazil. LOreal is an old company that is doing its business more than 50 years ago(popsugar.com.au, 2016). Thus the market demand of the products offers a favourable situation to the beauty industries to make an expansion of the company in the Brazilian market. The potentiality of Jojoba Company, Australia to launch its product in the new market The role of the foundation is very much important for the women. The imperfections of the women are concealed by the foundation (Hawkin Mothersbaugh, 2010). The Jojoba is very much popular in Australia. The company has no animal testing products and it promises 100% free of synthetic products. Due to its natural products the company is very popular. The target population of the company is women. The company produces products for different age groups people and for different income group of people. Thus the products are affordable (economics times, 2017). The quality products of the company help the company to earn huge revenue from the Australian market. Brazil, the target market and the positioning policy of the company The beauty market of the country provides an opportunity for the beauty industry. The country has middle-class people and they are growing wealthy and they are now staying the urban areas. The middle-class people of the country are very open to any new brand. The customers are from both the male female category. The company focuses on female customers of the country(thejojobacompany.com.au, 2017). Necessity There are many personal factors that inspire the beauty market. Age, lifestyle, job, personality and the personal values factor the growth of the beauty industry. Cosmetic products make the women look beautiful and feminine. The cosmetic products are very useful for aging and to protect the skins (Bowersox, Closs, Cooper, 2007). The exposure to the sun is one of the important reasons for the women to prefer for the makeup products. The women do not expose themselves to the sun and they are very careful about their faces. Thus the natural foundation of the company will contribute to keeping the ladies look beautiful (Bryman, 2011). Requirements Directsale is a medium for the women of the country to purchase the cosmetic products. The women do not prefer the retail stores. The MNCs will help the customers of the country to rely on them for the new products (ICAC, 2011). The government of the country of Brazil should not impose more tax on the cosmetic products (Rinner Fairweather, 2011). The duty-free cosmetic products will help the company to do good business. Positioning Brand image, value, price, word of mouth, packaging will matter a lot for the procurement of the cosmetic products. The digital marketing will help the company for better business. There is always a great role of internet, print and television advertisement which can help the company to make the advertisement of the products. The social mobility, modern way of life youth will be the way that will promote the business (Viva Women, 2012). They will inspire the customers to procure the products. Communication Plan The communication plan will be made after the study of the merits and demerits of the expansion of the company. A strategic communication plan will help the company to promote foundation business in Australia (Euromonitor International, 2010). For the successful analysis of the situations, SWOT analysis will be made. It will offer both macro and micro environment analysis for the company. SWOT Analysis Strength The strength of the company is that it is an established company in Australia. It is a very popular name in the country. The natural ingredients of the products make the users feel healthy. The management of the company works as a team to promote the business of the company. The company has beautiful products and cost of the product is affordable. The products range from the high level of income group to low-income group people. The promotional policy of the company is very good. It uses digital modes to promote the products. Weakness The experience of the Jojoba Company in the internal market is very low. The products of the company are just to meet the people of Australia. The Brazil market has a different expectation in comparison to the customers of Australia. Opportunity The quick strategy will help the company to make an expansion. The Brazilian government is very open to the beauty industry. The beauty industry also contributes to the national economy of the country. The target group ofBrazil is very much interested in procuring the cosmetic products. Threat The culture of Australia is different from Brazil. The target group of Australia is different from the target group of Brazil. The anti-ageing products of the competitors will pose a threat to the business of the company. Methods Approaches Action plan The action plan has been proposed for the expansion of the company business of Jojoba, Australia Table 1: Phases of Action Plan Different phases Pre launching period Launching period Post launching period Actions 1.Customers needs will be surveyed Product launching Review of the implementation 2.Opportunity of the market Propaganda 3.Competitive strategy Case study Time 30 days 15 days 15 days The research will make an attempt to survey the market before launching the product in Brazil. The needs of the customerswantsof the customers and the possible market will be studied. The plan will also be made to make a compete with the other brands in the Brazilian market. This will contribute for the launching of the products. Table 2:Strategy for pre-launching Different stages Responsibilities Period of time Result Analysis of the needs of the consumers X 12 days Data on the needs of the consumers will be summed up. Survey of the market Y 9 days Preparation of the report on the potentiality of the market. Competitive strategy Z 9 days Marketing plan preparation In this phase, there will be an extensive quantitative analysis. This will be made on the particular segment. The report will be prepared on the potential market. The strategy for the launching of the products will be made. Table 3: Strategy for the launching of the products Action plan Responsibilities Period of time Outcomes Launching of the event A 15 days Product availability Propaganda B Publicity This phase will highlight on the successful launching of the products. The awareness will be made and publicity of the products will be made. The company will take the help of the print media and digital modes to make propaganda. Table 4: Strategy for the Post Launch period Action plan Responsibility Period of time Outcome Review C 7 days Customers feedback Case study D 8 days Release in the media In this phase, the feedback of the customers is taken into account. The preparation of the case study will be there. The readers and viewers will be able to read and see. This will help to create a brand image of the country (DOOLE LOWE, 2008). Qualifications The company will make an appropriate strategy for the successful launch of the products. The safety products of the company will attract the customers of the country. The products are good for skin. The company will study the taste and interest of the people of Brazil. The products ingredients will be used effectively (Kotler Keller, 2009). The quality product of the company will attract the attention of the users in Brazil. The natural and sophisticated products will be made available for the customers with the help of the digital modes. The team will work for the expansion of the products. Propaganda will be made with the help of digital media, social media and other print media (Derek, 2017). Conclusion The study shows that there is an urgent need of studying the market before making any expansion. The company should study the culture and taste of the people before launching any products in the market Bibliography Bhasan, H. (2016, 07 05). Four key elements of marketing. Retrieved 04 29, 2017, from marketing91.com: https://www.marketing91.com/key-elements-marketing/ Bowersox, D., Closs, D., Cooper, M. B. (2007). Supply Chain Logistics Management. New Yoork: McGraw Hill. Bryman, A. (2011). Social Reserach methods. Oxford: Oxford Univeristy Press. Derek. (2017). 12 Ways to Increase Online Sales. Retrieved 04 25, 2017, from entrepreneur.com: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/79002 DOOLE, I., LOWE, R. (2008). INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGY. Retrieved 04 28, 2017, from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6b43/d8cd0b0e837e8d2e5c1de5d745436ddd4dd3.pdf economics times. (2017). Definition of 'Marketing Mix'. Retrieved 04 29, 2017, from economicstimes.indiatimes.com: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/marketing-mix Euromonitor International. (2010). Brazil: Key Players in Globe Beauty and Personal Care Growth. Retrieved 04 29, 2017, from Retrieved from https://nme2010-2.wikispaces.com/file/view/Brazil_Key_Player_in_Beauty_and_Personal_Care.pdf Hawkin, D. L., Mothersbaugh, D. L. (2010). Consumer Behaviour. Building Marketing Strategy (. New York: McGraw-Hill. ICAC. (2011). Plan for Implementation of Recommendations, Operation Colu,ba. Retrieved 04 29, 2017, from https://www.icac.nsw.gov.au/images/investigations/implementation_plans Kotler, P., Keller, K. L. (2009). Marketing Management. (13 ed.). Pearson International. Lyus, D., Rogers, B., Sims, C. (2011, 04 20). The role of sales and marketing integration in improving strategic responsiveness to market change. Retrieved 04 29, 2017, from link.springer.co: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/dbm.2011.5 popsugar.com.au. (2016, 12 25). Top 15 Australian Beauty Brands Australian Beauty Products ... Retrieved 04 29, 2017, from https://www.popsugar.com.au Beauty Beauty Shopping Rinner, T., Fairweather, J. (2011). An International Comparison of Models of Cultural and National Indetity and their implications for New Zeaknd Innovation. Retrieved from https://www.lincoln.ac.nz/PageFiles/24129/RR%20325w.pdf thejojobacompany.com.au. (2017). The Jojoba Company Australia: Jojoba Oil Products. Retrieved 04 29, 2017, from https://www.thejojobacompany.com.au Veras, E. Z., Veras, D. B. (2011). Cultural Differences Between Countries: The Brazilian and the Chinese Ways of Doing Business. Journal on Innovation and Sustainbaility. Viva Women. (2012). Viva Women. Living Nature Foundation in Pure sand. Retrieved 04 29, 2017, from https:// www.vivawoman.net/2012/12/living-nature-foundation